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Wray, T. J. and Gregory Mobley. The Birth of Satan: Tracing the Devil's Biblical Roots (2005) excerpt and text search The word without the definite article is used in ten instances, [ citation needed] of which two are translated diabolos in the Septuagint. It is generally translated in English Bibles as 'an accuser' (1x) or 'an adversary' (9x as in Book of Numbers, 1 & 2 Samuel and 1 Kings). In some cases, it is translated as 'Satan': Coogan, Michael D.; A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in Its Context, Oxford University Press, 2009
Rosica, The Rev. Thomas (20 July 2015), Why is Pope Francis so obsessed with the devil?, Turner Broadcasting System, CNN The Arabic equivalent of the word Satan is Shaitan (شيطان, from the triliteral root š-ṭ-n شطن). The word itself is an adjective (meaning "astray" or "distant", sometimes translated as "devil") that can be applied to both man ("al-ins", الإنس) and al-jinn (الجن), but it is also used in reference to Satan in particular. In the Quran, Satan's name is Iblis ( Arabic pronunciation: [ˈibliːs]), probably a derivative of the Greek word diabolos. [186] Muslims do not regard Satan as the cause of evil, but as a tempter, who takes advantage of humans' inclinations toward self-centeredness. [187] Quran Illustration from a manuscript of Abu Ali Bal'ami's Persian translation of the Annals of al-Tabari, showing Satan ( Iblis) refusing to prostrate before the newly created man ( Adam)Graham A. Cole (ThD, Australian College of Theology) is emeritus dean and emeritus professor of biblical and systematic theology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. An ordained Anglican minister, he has served in two parishes and was formerly the principal of Ridley College. Graham lives in Australia with his wife, Jules. Tafsir al-Qur'an al-adhim (Interpretation of the Great Qur'an) – Ibn Kathir – commentary of surat al baqarah The early English settlers of North America, especially the Puritans of New England, believed that Satan "visibly and palpably" reigned in the New World. [164] John Winthrop claimed that the Devil made rebellious Puritan women give birth to stillborn monsters with claws, sharp horns, and "on each foot three claws, like a young fowl." [165] Cotton Mather wrote that devils swarmed around Puritan settlements "like the frogs of Egypt". [166] The Puritans believed that the Native Americans were worshippers of Satan [167] and described them as "children of the Devil". [164] Some settlers claimed to have seen Satan himself appear in the flesh at native ceremonies. [166] During the First Great Awakening, the " new light" preachers portrayed their "old light" critics as ministers of Satan. [168] By the time of the Second Great Awakening, Satan's primary role in American evangelicalism was as the opponent of the evangelical movement itself, who spent most of his time trying to hinder the ministries of evangelical preachers, [169] a role he has largely retained among present-day American fundamentalists. [170] Winn, Shan M.M. (1995). Heaven, heroes, and happiness: the Indo-European roots of Western ideology. Lanham, Md.: University press of America. p.203. ISBN 0-8191-9860-9.
Although the Book of Genesis does not mention him, Christians often identify the serpent in the Garden of Eden as Satan. In the Synoptic Gospels, Satan tempts Jesus in the desert and is identified as the cause of illness and temptation. In the Book of Revelation, Satan appears as a Great Red Dragon, who is defeated by Michael the Archangel and cast down from Heaven. He is later bound for one thousand years, but is briefly set free before being ultimately defeated and cast into the Lake of Fire. Post-LaVeyan Satanists, like the adherents of The Satanic Temple, argue that the human animal has a natural altruistic and communal tendency, and frame Satan as a figure of struggle against injustice and activism. They also believe in bodily autonomy, that personal beliefs should conform to science and inspire nobility, and that people should atone for their mistakes. [238] Allegations of worship A depiction of Santa Muerte Various Mojo Magazine (1 November 2007). The Mojo Collection: 4th Edition. Canongate Books. p.302. ISBN 978-1-84767-643-6. Ahmed, Shahab (2017), Before Orthodoxy: The Satanic Verses in Early Islam, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-04742-6 Historical development Hebrew Bible Balaam and the Angel (1836) by Gustav Jäger. The angel in this incident is referred to as a "satan". [6]
Russell, Jeffrey Burton (1984), Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ISBN 0-8014-9429-X
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